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apportionment 音标拼音: [əp'ɔrʃənmənt] n. 分配,分摊,分派 分配,分摊,分派 apportionment n 1: the act of distributing by allotting or apportioning; distribution according to a plan; " the apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives is based on the relative population of each state" [ synonym: { allotment}, { apportionment}, { apportioning}, { allocation}, { parceling}, { parcelling}, { assignation}] Apportionment \ Ap* por" tion* ment\, n. [ Cf. F. apportionnement, LL. apportionamentum.] The act of apportioning; a dividing into just proportions or shares; a division or shares; a division and assignment, to each proprietor, of his just portion of an undivided right or property. -- A. Hamilton. [ 1913 Webster] APPORTIONMENT, contracts. Lord Coke defines it to be a division or partitionof a rent, common, or the like, or the making it into parts. Co. Litt. 147. This definition seems incomplete. Apportionment frequently denotes, not, division, but distribution ; and in its ordinary technical sense, thedistribution of one subject in proportion to another previously distributed. 1 Swanst. C. 87, n. 2. Apportionment will here be considered only in relation to contracts, by talking a view, 1, of such as are purely personal and, 2, of such asrelate to the realty. 3.- 1. When a Purely personal contract is entire and not divisible inits nature, it is manifest it cannot be apportioned; as when the subject ofthe contract is but one thing, and there is but one creditor and one debtor, neither can apportion the obligation without the consent of the other. Insuch case the creditor cannot force his debtor to pay him a part of his debtonly, and leave the other part unpaid, nor can the debtor compel hiscreditor to receive a part only of what is due to him on account of hisclaim. Nor can the assignee of a part sustain an action for such part. 5 N. S. 192. 4. When there is a special contract between the parties, in general nocompensation can be received unless the whole contract has been actuallyfulfilled. 4 Greenl. 454; 2 Pick. R. 267; 10 Pick. R. 209; 4 Pick. R. 103; 4M' Cord, R. 26, 246; 6 Verm. R. 35. The subject of the contract being acomplex event, constituted by the performance of various acts, the imperfectcompletion of the event, by the performance of only some of those acts, cannot, by virtue of that contract, of which it is not the subject, afford atitle to the whole, or any part of the stipulated benefit. See 1 Swanst. C. 338, n. and the cases there cited; Story, Bailm. Sec. 441; Chit. Contr. 168; 3 Watts, 331; 2 Mass. 147, 436; 3 Hen. & Munf. 407; 2 John. Cas. 17; 13John. R. 365; 11 Wend. 257; 7 Cowen, 184; 8 Cowen, 84; 2 Pick. 332. Seegenerally on the subject of the apportionment, of personal obligations, 16Vin. Ab. 138; 22 Vin. Ab. 13; Stark. Ev. part 4, p. 1622; Com. Dig. Chancery, 2 E and 4 N 5; 3 Chit. Com. Law 129; Newl. Contr. 159; Long onSales, 108. And for the doctrine of the civil law, see Dumoulin, de dividuoet individuo, part 2, n. 6, 7; Toull. Dr. Civ. Fr. liv. 3, tit 3, c. 4, n. 750, et seq. 5.- 2. With regard to rents, the law is different. Rents may ingeneral be apportioned, and this may take place in several ways; first, bythe act of the landlord or reversioner alone, and secondly, by virtue of thestatute of 11 Geo. II., c. 19, s. 15, or by statutes in the several statesin which its principles have been embodied. 6.- 1. When there is a subsisting obligation on the part of the tenantto pay a certain rent, the reversioner may sell his estate in differentparts, to as many persons as he may deem proper, and the lessee or tenantwill be bound to pay to each a proportion of the rent. 3 Watts, 404; 3 KentCom. 470, 3d. ed.; Co. Litt. 158 a; Gilb. on Rents, 173; 7 Car. 23; 13 Co. 57 Cro. Eliz. 637, 651; Archb. L. &. T. 172 5 B. & A. 876; 6 Halst. 262. Itis usual for the owners of the reversion to agree among themselves as to theamount which each is to receive; but when there is no agreement, the rentwill be apportioned by the jury. 3 Kent, Com. 470; 1 Bouv. Inst. n. 697. 7.- 2. Rent may be apportioned as to time by virtue of the stat. 11Geo. H., C. 19, s. 15, by which it is provided that the rent due by a tenantfor life, who dies during the currency of a quarter, of a year, or otherdivision of time at which the rent was made payable, shall be apportioned tothe day of his death. In Delaware, Missouri, New Jersey, and New York, it isprovided by statutes, that if the tenant for life, lessor, die on the rentday, his executors may recover the whole rent; if before, a proportionalpart. In Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri, and New York, when one is entitled torents, depending on the life of another, he may recover them notwithstandingthe death of the latter. In Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri, and Virginia, itis specially provided, that the husband, after the death of his wife, mayrecover the rents of her lands. 1 Hill. Ab. c. 16, Sec. 50. In Kentucky, therent is to be apportioned when the lease is determined upon any contingency. 8. When the tenant is deprived of the land, as by eviction, by titleparamount, or by quitting the premises with the landlord' s consent, in theabsence of any agreement to the contrary, his obligation to pay rent ceases, as regards the current quarter or half year, or other day of payment, as thecase may be. But rent which is due may be recovered. Gilb. on Rents, 145; 3Kent, Comm. 376; 4 Wend. 423; 8 Cowen, 727 1 Har. & Gill, 308; 11 Mass. 493. See 4 Cruise' s Dig. 206; 3 Call' s R. 268; 4 M' Cord 447; 1 Bailey' s R. 469; 2Bouv. Inst. n. 1675, et seq.
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